Quartz
Chemical Composition
Quartz is composed of silicon dioxide (SiO₂), making it one of the most abundant and widely distributed minerals in the Earth's crust.
Origin and Location
Quartz can be found in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks across the world. Notable sources include Brazil, the Alps, Madagascar, and the United States.
Uses and Applications
Quartz is widely used in glassmaking, electronics (especially in oscillators), jewelry, watches, and as a gemstone in various decorative objects.
History and Discovery
Known since ancient times, the term "quartz" comes from the German word “Quarz.” It has been used in tools, religious artifacts, and ornamentation throughout history.
Physical Properties
Quartz has a Mohs hardness of 7, a vitreous luster, and typically forms hexagonal prismatic crystals. It has no cleavage and conchoidal fracture.
Formation Process
Quartz forms through igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary processes, often crystallizing in geodes, veins, and hydrothermal environments.
Optical Properties
Quartz ranges from transparent to translucent, may appear in many colors, and shows piezoelectricity, useful in precision instruments and timekeeping.
Classification
Quartz is a tectosilicate mineral, part of the silicate class, and belongs to the trigonal crystal system.
Interesting Facts
Quartz includes popular varieties like amethyst, citrine, smoky quartz, and rose quartz. It is also used in clocks and watches due to its piezoelectric properties.
